Background: Human kidneys develop from intermediate mesoderm, in three successive stages; pronephros, mesonephros and metanephros.The definitive kidney, which is derived from metanephros occupy sacral region initially, which ascent later, reaching the adult position by 9th week.It receives blood supply from different sources during its development

ObjectiveIn people living with HIV (PLHIV), we sought to test the hypothesis that long term anti-retroviral therapy restores the normal T cell repertoire, and investigate the functional relationship of residual repertoire abnormalities to persistent immune system dysregulation.MethodsWe conducted a case-control study in PLHIV and HIV-negative volun

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the profound impact of the SARS-CoV-2 virus as a significant threat to human health.There is an urgent need to develop a comprehensive understanding of the current outbreak by studying the dynamics of the virus within the human body.In this research, we present a mathematical model that explores the progression

Toxoplasma gondii is a widespread parasitic pathogen that infects over one third of the global human population.The parasite invades and chronically persists in the central nervous system (CNS) of the infected host.Parasite spread and persistence is intimately linked to an ensuing immune response, which does not only limit parasite-induced damage b

This theoretical paper aims to present an analytical scheme for organizations and leaders consider global mindset as a premise to develop competitive advantage in international Overview of animal infectious disease situation in the Republic of Dagestan in 2023 markets.Global mindset is theme related to global leadership, yet little discussed theor